PHRASE, CLAUSE AND SENTENCE

SENTENCES , PHRASE AND CLAUSES

     SENTENCES

     Sentences is a grup of word whichhas at least one subject and predicat.

     Example: - I speak English everyday

                        The Elements of sentences

A.    Subject : is a word or a grup of words which has related with sentence.

Example: andi speak English everyday.

* subject à simple subject :  - noun = the bird is flying, pronoun = she brings a book, adjective used as a noun, infinitive used as noun, participle =smoking is not good for health.

à A compound subject : - the new white car is mine. – the magazine ins on the table.

B.   Predicate :  is a word which used to explaningn the condition of subject.

* predicate à verbal : - I walk in the morning. ,- does she sing a Korean song ?

à non verbal : - I am a students( noun), - she is a beautiful ( adjective ). – my pen in on the table ( preposition), - my father is here ( adverb)

C.   Object  : is noun pronoun as the goal of predicate.

*Object à direct object : - they welcomed him. , à indirect object :- she sends a letter to me. I sing a song for you ,, He speaks English to you.

D.  Complement :  is a word has used for somplementing the meaning of verb on sentence.

*Complement à subjective complement is a word which is used to complementing subject on sentence.

*objective complemen is a word which is used to complementing object on one sentence.

E.  Adjunct( ket tambahan)

      Example: I always speak English everyday. , - We talked face to face

1.         The kinds of sentence ( macam- macam kalimat) according the shape of predicate , sentence can be share into two items.

*sentence à verbal sentence ( kalimat yang predikatnya berasal dari kata kerja ): - I writes a letter every night

* non verbal sentence ànominal sentence : - you are student,    - I am Diki

                                    àadjective sentence : - They are handsome

* declarative sentence à positive sentence :- I read a book.

                                     à negative sentence : - I am not a writer.

* interrogative sentence : à positive question :- Are you a students?

                                         à negative questions : - Isn’t she going to school?

                                          à informationquestions : - Who opened the door?, - What did you buy

                                                                                     On Alfamart.?

                                         àembedded Questions : - /I don’t know where he stays.

*Imperrative sentence ( kalimat perintah): - Please help me!,- Open the door,! sit down please !,etc.,

*exclamations sentence ( kalimat sifat) : - what beautiful hair !!, How fast he work ! ,

II. PHRASES= is a grup of a word it’scontains of two ore more but didn’t has subject or predicate.

     Example: - the book on the table is mine. ,- the boys in the street are students.

The kinds of phrase :

 a.- noun phrase = is a phrase comes from mount as subject or object,

       example: the beautiful girl over there is my sister,

b. – verb phrase is a phrase contains of auxiliary verb and verb.

       Example: she wiil speak English. – I have eaten nice last night.

c. – adjective phrase

        example: - the book with read cover is yours. – the girl with long hair is my wife.

d. – adverb phrase.

        Example : He runs very slowly, - they sleep in the bedroom

Phrase( introductory words or pivot word)=

a.    Prestional phrase = - I speak English with an American style..,,- Thr book is good for educations

b.   Participal phrase= - Having no money , I will not to go with you to the shop.

c.    Infinitive = - To questions a teacher is to learn from him..-

d.   Gerunds phrase = - Her favourite sport is swimming  in the pool.

           III. CLAUSES is a grup of word which contains of subject or predicte( verb, adjective, noun,etc)

           Clausesà main clauses = - I read a magazine.

             à subordinate clauses = - I will come if you go.

           The kinds of clauses = - noun clauses, adjective clauses, adverb clauses

           Adverb clauses ( kata yang berfungsi sbgai keterangan dan dapat diletakan sebagai

a.                   Initial position(rumus) conjunctions+S+Verb+O+S+V+O . example:= -After I finished my work , I come here ,

b.                  Middle position( rumus) S<conjunctions+S+V+O+V. example= - War, When it is happened for a long time, can destroy the morale of a country.

c.                   Finale position( rumus) S+V+O,Conjunstion+S+O+V. example= - Rino didn’t  come to your party because he was very busy. 

The Parts Of speech

The Parts Of Speech

1. Part Of Speech is the category or a grup of word according to the funcition on the sentence.

2. Traditional grammer classified words into eight parts of speech.

   - They are : 1. Verb, 2. Noun , 3. Pronoun ,4. Adjective , 5.adverb , 6. Preposition , 7. Conjunction ,

                      8. interjections .

3. The Explanation on the part of speech.

A.     (Verb) is a word that show the name of the activities which is done by subject.

The kinds of Verb :  - Irregular Verb, Example = read, spoken

- Reguler Verb, Example = called, visited

- Transitive Verb , Example = Open, Close

- Intransitive Verb, Example = Rise, Cry

- Finite Verb, Example = Read, Sleeps, grow, Write

- Auxiliary Verb, Example = is, am, are

- Linking Verb, Example = Look, Stay.

* Finite Verb, Example: 1. I read a lot of books. 2. She sleeps on the bedroom, 3. The plant grows quickly, 4. He can Write a letter                

B.  (Noun) is everyting which we can see or can be seen or talk and show the person, the thing, or places, plant, animals or opinion.

     The kinds of Noun :  - Concreate Noun =book, pen, table, etc.

                                       - Abstrak Noun = Happines, Sadness, Wisdom

                           

C.  (Pronouns) is a word that change the noun.

      The kinds of pronoun: 

      1.(Personal Pronouns): I like Sarah. She is a Doctor.

      2.(Demonstrative Pronouns) : Those are my pencil. These are yours.

      3.(Posessive Pronouns) : This is my boat. That is yours

      4.(Interrogative Pronouns) : What is your hobby?

      5.(Relative Pronouns) : The person who tell you is my sister.

      6.(Indenfinitive Pronouns) : Someone Looking on the window.

      7.(Reflexive Pronouns): I see myself on the mirror.

D.  (Adjective) are the words Explaining nouns or pronouns.

      The kinds of adjective:

1.      Quality adjective : She looks beautiful.

2.      Possesive adjective : My friends are Friendly.

3.      Demonstrative adjective: That car is on the garage.

4.      Interogative adjective : Whose pen this?

5.      Quantity adjective : Some flowers are on verenda .

6.      Numeral adjective : He have 3 rooms.

7.      Proper adjective : I am Indonesain.

8.      Distributive adjective : He knows every person on the school.

E.   (Adverb) is a word which has the funcitions to give an adverb, preposition, adjectives,etc.

      The kinds of adverb :

1.      Simple adverb, example: I am Studying right now.

2.      Interrogative adverb, example: Where do you study 2.

3.      Relative adverb, example: this is the school Where I study.

F.   (Preposition) is a word that cannot was changed the from.

      The kinds of Preposition:

1.      Simple preposition : on,at,to,in.

2.      Double preposition : into, onto.

3.      Coumpound preposition: across, along, behind.

4.      Participial prepositions: pending, during.

5.      Prepositional phrase: because,of, by means of.

G.  ‘(Conjuntion) is a word is used for related the words, sentence.

      The kinds of conjunctions:

1.      Coordinating conjunctions, example : You and I will eating together.

2.      Sub.ordinating conjunction, example : She said that she loves you.

H.  (Interjection).( bunyi seru dalam kalimat untuk menunjukan perasaan atau eosi seperti:     gembira,sedih,dll

      The kinds of Interjection: 1. Hurray (hore), 2. Thanks god( Alhamdulilah), 3. Well done( bagus sekali),   4. Bravo ( bagus sekali)